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Romania - Social & Geographic Profile
| Climate: |
Temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms |
| Natural resources: |
Petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower |
| Environment - current issues: |
Soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands |
| Population: |
22,303,552 (July 2006 est.) |
| Age structure: |
0-14 years: 15.7% (male 1,799,072/female 1,708,030)
15-64 years: 69.6% (male 7,724,368/female 7,797,065)
65 years and over: 14.7% (male 1,347,392/female 1,927,625) (2006 est.) |
| Ethnic groups: |
Romanian 89.5%, Hungarian 6.6%, Roma 2.5%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, Turkish 0.2%, other 0.4% (2002 census) |
| Religions: |
Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 86.8%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformate and Pentecostal) 7.5%, Roman Catholic 4.7%, other (mostly Muslim) and unspecified 0.9%, none 0.1% (2002 census) |
| Languages: |
Romanian (official), Hungarian, German |
| Capital: |
name: Bucharest
geographic coordinates: 44 26 N, 26 06 E
time difference: GMT+2
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October |
| Administrative divisions: |
41 counties (judete, singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti (Bucharest)*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dimbovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Ilfov, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Vilcea, Vrancea |
| Legal system: |
Former mixture of civil law system and communist legal theory; is now based on the constitution of France's Fifth Republic |
| Executive branch: |
chief of state: President Traian BASESCU (since 20 December 2004)
head of government: Prime Minister Calin Popescu-TARICEANU (since 29 December 2004)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 28 November 2004, with runoff between the top two candidates held 12 December 2004 (next to be held November-December 2009); prime minister appointed by the president with the consent of the Parliament
election results: percent of vote - Traian BASESCU 51.23%, Adrian NASTASE 48.77% |
| Diplomatic representation from the UK: |
British Embassy,
24 Jules Michelet
010463 Bucharest,
Romania
(40) (21) 201 7200 |
| GDP (purchasing power parity): |
£92.3 billion (2005 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices): |
9% (2005) |
| Industries: |
Textiles and footwear, light machinery and auto assembly, mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining. |
| Exports: |
£15.84 billion f.o.b. (2005) |
| Exports - commodities: |
Textiles and footwear, metals and metal products, machinery and equipment, minerals and fuels, chemicals, agricultural products. |
| Exports - partners: |
Italy 19.4%, Germany 14%, Turkey 7.9%, France 7.4%, UK 5.5%, Hungary 4.1%, US 4.1% (2005) |
| Imports: |
£20.83 billion f.o.b. (2005) |
| Imports - commodities: |
Machinery and equipment, fuels and minerals, chemicals, textile and products, basic metals, agricultural products. |
| Imports - partners: |
Italy 15.5%, Germany 14%, Russia 8.3%, France 6.8%, Turkey 4.9%, China 4.1% (2005) |
| Economic aid - recipient: |
£1.68 billion in committed EU pre-accession aid (2004-06) |
| Currency (code): |
leu (ROL) was phased out in 2006; "new" leu (RON) was introduced in 2005 due to currency revaluation: 10,000 ROL = 1 RON |
| Exchange rates: |
Romanian New Lei per UK Pound - 5.14 |
| Airports: |
61 (2006) |
| Railways: |
total: 11,385 km
standard gauge: 10,898 km 1.435-m gauge (3,888 km electrified)
broad gauge: 60 km 1.524-m gauge
narrow gauge: 427 km 0.760-m gauge (2005) |
| Roadways: |
total: 198,817 km
paved: 60,043 km (including 228 km of expressways)
unpaved: 138,774 km (2003) |
| Ports and terminals: |
Braila, Constanta, Galati, Tulcea |
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