Romania - Social & Geographic Profile
| Climate: |
Temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms |
| Natural resources: |
Petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower |
| Environment - current issues: |
Soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands |
| Population: |
22,215,421 (July 2009 est.) |
| Age structure: |
0-14 years: 15.5% (male 1,772,583/female 1,681,539)
15-64 years: 69.7% (male 7,711,062/female 7,784,041)
65 years and over: 14.7% (male 1,332,120/female 1,934,076) (2009 est.) |
| Ethnic groups: |
Romanian 89.5%, Hungarian 6.6%, Roma 2.5%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, Turkish 0.2%, other 0.4% (2002 census) |
| Religions: |
Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 86.8%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformate and Pentecostal) 7.5%, Roman Catholic 4.7%, other (mostly Muslim) and unspecified 0.9%, none 0.1% (2002 census) |
| Languages: |
Romanian 91% (official), Hungarian 6.7%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%, other 1.2% |
| Capital: |
name: Bucharest
geographic coordinates: 44 26 N, 26 06 E
time difference: GMT+2
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October |
| Administrative divisions: |
41 counties (judete, singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti (Bucharest)*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dimbovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Ilfov, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Vilcea, Vrancea |
| Legal system: |
Based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Executive branch: |
chief of state: President Traian BASESCU (since 20 December 2004)
head of government: Prime Minister Emil BOC (since 22 December 2008); Deputy Prime Minister Marko BELA (since 23 December 2009)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
election last held on 22 November 2009 with runoff on 6 December 2009 (next to be held in November-December 2014); prime minister appointed by the president with the consent of the Parliament
election results: Traian BASESCU reelected president; percent of vote - Traian BASESCU 50.3%, Mircea GEOANA 49.7% |
| Diplomatic representation from the UK: |
British Embassy,
24 Jules Michelet
010463 Bucharest,
Romania
(40) (21) 201 7200 |
| GDP (purchasing power parity): |
$255.4 billion (2009 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices): |
5% (2009 est.) |
| Industries: |
Electric machinery and equipment, textiles and footwear, light machinery and auto assembly, mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining |
| Exports: |
$38.1 billion (2009 est.) |
| Exports - commodities: |
Machinery and equipment, textiles and footwear, metals and metal products, machinery and equipment, minerals and fuels, chemicals, agricultural products |
| Exports - partners: |
Germany 16.3%, Italy 15.4%, France 7.3%, Turkey 6.5%, Hungary 5%, Bulgaria 4.1% (2008) |
| Imports: |
$49.2 billion (2009 est.) |
| Imports - commodities: |
Machinery and equipment, fuels and minerals, chemicals, textile and products, metals, agricultural products |
| Imports - partners: |
Germany 16.1%, Italy 11.2%, Hungary 7.3%, Russia 5.9%, France 5.6%, Turkey 4.9%, Austria 4.8%, Kazakhstan 4.5%, China 4.2% (2008) |
| Currency (code): |
leu (ROL) was phased out in 2006; "new" leu (RON) was introduced in 2005 due to currency revaluation: 10,000 ROL = 1 RON |
| Airports: |
53 |
| Railways: |
total: 10,788 km |
| Roadways: |
total:198,817 km |
| Ports and terminals: |
Braila, Constanta, Galati, Tulcea |
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